it lasted as solid at a certain temperature for a certain length of time after it had reached that temperature.
That’s the problem, reading the quotes from my top reply even they seem to admit that what they are calling temperature is not what is usually called temperature in thermal equilibrium.
Fine, I can say this in a way that does not violate energy conservation but still uses the energy-time uncertainty principle:
Say you have a system with two levels, hot and cold like the gold sheet in this experiment. Then I can take a linear combination of these two (stationary) states, between which which the period of oscillation would be deltat=h/deltaE, which would be the time for the system to “heat” and “cool” within 45 femtoseconds. (lifted from Griffiths, page 143)
That would give a deltaE>1.5E-20J compared with kT (T=19000K) = 27E-20J 🤔 (T=1300K) = 1.8E-20J so the fusion T is close to the oscillation limit, the extra energy for 19000K is not going to do anything unless the cooling slows down.
Soo…I don’t understand the point of the experiment. It just looks like they’re exciting atoms metal and then letting them quickly deexcite radiatively…and then wonder why they won’t absorb huge amounts of energy and melt (if the energy remained within the system, it would). I probably would have to get the actual paper, but I don’t wanna 😛
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Needless to say, at 19,000 Kelvin, the solid gold sample blew past that boundary, heating up to more than 14 times its melting point, which is about 1,300 Kelvin. The team suggests the speed of the heating likely kept the gold from expanding. They blasted the gold to its record-setting temperature in just 45 femtoseconds, or 45 millionths of a billionth of a second.
“The thing that’s intriguing here is to ask the question of whether or not it’s possible to beat virtually all of thermodynamics, just by being quick enough so that thermodynamics doesn’t really apply in the sense that you might think about it
The team notes that the second law of thermodynamics, which states that disorder increases with time, still stands—their work did not disprove it. That’s because the gold atoms reached their extreme temperature before they had time to become disordered, White tells Nature’s Dan Garisto.
Even still, researchers are now faced with a question they had considered all but completely solved nearly four decades ago, per New Scientist: How hot can something really get before it melts? If a material is heated quickly enough, there might be no limit, per the SLAC statement.
Sort of reminds me of the energy-time version uncertainty principle: if an interval is short enough, energy fluctuations can be extremely high.
What I’d like to know here is what the duration threshold to would allow fusion to start is.
The Rhinos were fine, so it probably won’t kill anyone. But it would be funny acceptable if someone died from buying snake oil.
Meanwhile, the orange clown is celebrating his 27B tariff surcharge…penny wise.
So in some cases the writers ain’t writing them, the peer reviewers ain’t readin’ them…and nearly noone reads them… :/ and the ones who do and finally alert people for glaring mistakes…have to pay for the privilege?
It’s impossible to negotiate with these guys, because they have no clear demands. They just want what “looks” like as much as they can get away with…
Marketing exists, network effects, first-mover advantage, pre-installed software…
It’s probably why people kiss, to share microbiome (and to expose the mother to everything so she has the chance to develop immunity for herself and the baby). You could also argue that a mother that kisses everyone could potentially make healthier babies :D
For reference: the population of Africa is 1.5Billion.
If it was autonomous, why did it need starlink?
“I’m so ronery…”
haha, this, but trump himself bends a lot too, multiple times a day. He’s like dough.
Yeah, I have no idea why CBS is reporting on this Pakistan stuff. I don’t need to hear about murders in random countries.
PS: 1000 people are murdered every day all over the world. Roughly 30% of those are intrafamilial.
Hey, this is all part of a master plan, ok? tramp always plays 10D chess.
The plan so far:
Maybe they can form the Western Hemisphere anti-cunt organization with Canada and Mexico (WHACO) against indiscriminate tariffs and political interference.
Because Europe, Canada, Australia want to keep options open instead of throwing their lot with China, which they see as a potential threat too. Brazil has little to lose, because the only threat to them right now is the US and their Bolsonarist bitches.
Yeah, magically lose the “password” to access the satellite and have it show up somewhere at a canadian or european climate office.